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Blogs - Latest insights in Patent Activities

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Electric Vehicles in India-July 2023

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 Executive Summary

One of the fundamental requirement in today’s world is transport. Petrol and diesel engines fulfil the requirement but with the cost of pollution and other hazards. Now the traditional combustion engines are becoming outdated with the replacement of fully electric vehicles. Fully electric vehicles (EVs) have zero emission which is better for the environment. There are several advantages with the use of EV. The very first is the lower running cost. This is because charging of the electric vehicle is cheaper than the petrol/diesel prices. Also, the maintenance cost for such vehicles is less. The government is also providing tax and financial benefits by giving incentives.

With the rise in the utility of EVs there are multiple inventions and innovations taking place every day to make the ride much safer and easier. In India there is a gradual growth in the field of EV.

The focus for the development is on the field of energy storage i.e., batteries. Four types of batteries in focus in India to be used as the energy storage. One of the leading manufacturers of the batteries in India is Exide industries. The company having the highest number of patent in India is Honda Motors followed by Suzuki Motor Corp.

AULTON NEW ENERGY AUTOMOTIVE TECH CO LTD is one of the upcoming companies in India.

Introduction

An EV is defined as a vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery and is capable of being charged from an external source. An EV includes both a vehicle that can only be powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery (all-electric vehicle) and a vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery and by an internal combustion engine (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle).

Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and are very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel). While some EVs used lead acid or nickel metal hydride batteries, the standard for modern battery electric vehicles is now considered to be lithium-ion batteries as they have a greater longevity and are excellent at retaining energy, with a self-discharge rate of just 5% per month. Despite this improved efficiency, there are still challenges with these batteries as they can experience thermal runaway, which have, for example, caused fires or explosions in the Tesla model S, although efforts have been made to improve the safety of these batteries.

Taxonomy

The technology taxonomy focuses on classifying patents based on the technological aspects and innovations within and around EVs. The categorization of patents and patent applications around EVs was done based on technical/functional components and their application areas. It mainly types of batteries used in India and their manufacturers.

The set considered for the analysis comprises of 2033 live patents/patent applications out of 2303

Types of energy storage used in India:

  1. Lithium-ion batteries
  2. Lead-acid batteries
  3. Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries
  4. Ultracapacitors

Manufacturers of batteries in India:

  1. Exide Industries

Exide is very popular in the battery manufacturing market. It has collaborated with many developers to produce cost-effective and durable lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.

  1. Maruti Suzuki

The company has collaborated with Toshiba and Denso for manufacturing electric vehicles and energy storage batteries.

  1. Tata Group

The company has partnered with Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to develop lithium-ion battery producing plants throughout the nation.

  1. Hero Motors

The Hero MotoCorp has built a new facility in Tamil Nadu for the manufacturing of EVs and has done strategic investments in the lithium-ion batteries manufacturing.

  1. Amara Raja Batteries

The Amaron is the famous battery manufacturer in India. Like Tata Group, Amara Raja has collaborated with ISRO to produce lithium-ion batteries for EVs.

Top Assignees filing patents in India.

The figure below illustrates the primary patent holders in the field of EVs (Electric Vehicles), showcasing the assignees with the highest count of patents or patent applications. Among them, HONDA MOTOR CO LTD, SUZUKI MOTOR CORP and LG CORP emerge as the top three, with respective totals of 219, 86 and 73 patents/patent applications.

The top 10 assignees in India from the year 2002. Honda Motor Co. Ltd is leading the chart board. The graph shows the increase in the tread in patent filing in electric vehicle domain post 2010. Many companies have filed patents in various domains of EVs.

Top Inventors:

The figure below shows top inventors with the maximum number of patents/patent applications related to electric vehicles

The graph shows the list of inventors in which Tamaki Kenji is on the leaderboard with 18 patent to his name. He is followed by Kuramochi Akira with 16 patents.

 

Top General technology patent filing wise.

1. The technological development in India is much seen in the field of batteries and circuits required for the operation of the vehicles. Also, much focus is given on the cooling system required for the vehicle. Also, applications related to smart charging stations are in increasing numbers.

2. Mechanical Engineering is the field of domain where most of the patents are filed, which is followed by electrical engineering.

3. Vehicles require various apparatus and according to the company there are modifications to the same. So, inventions related to apparatus are at the top position in the sub domain category which is followed by electrical machinery.

 

Patenting Trend.

There has been gradual increase since 2010 in patent filling for the inventions related to EVs. In 2020, the highest number of grants were published.

Upcoming companies filing patents in India.

  1. AULTON NEW ENERGY AUTOMOTIVE TECH CO LTD
  2. SHANGHAI DIANBA NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
  3. OLA ELECTRIC MOBILITY PVT LTD
  4. KWANG YANG MOTOR CO LTD

IPLTECH ELECTRIC PVT LTD.

The chart shows the upcoming companies in India with respect to electric vehicles. The numbers denote the number of patent grants with the companies.

Most cited

The most cited patent includes the following technological domain in eletric vehicles. They are:

  1. Cooling System
  2. Wireless Charging
  3. Onboard Circiut
  4. Controlling mechanism
  5. Smart Charging Station

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Tata Motor’s Patents Study – Jan2023

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History of Tata Motors

  • Founded in 1945 named as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO)
  • The company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG.
  • In 1991, tata motors entered in passenger vehicle market by launching the car “Tata Sierra” sport utility vehicle (SUV).
  • In 1998, tata motors launched the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car “Tata Indica”.
  • In 2008, tata motors launched the world’s most affordable car “Tata Nano”.
  • In 2004, Tata Motors acquired Daewoo’s South Korea-based truck manufacturing unit, Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, which later renamed as “Tata Daewoo”.
  • On 27th September 2004, the tata motors got listed in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
  • In 2005, tata motors acquired 21% stake in Spanish bus and coach manufacturer Hispano Carrocera and in 2009, took remaining 79% stake of the same and the company was renamed as “Tata Hispano Motors Carrocera, S.A”
  • In 2006, Tata motors formed a joint venture with the a Brazil-based Marcopolo, Tata Marcopolo Bus, to manufacture fully built buses and coaches.
  • In 2008, Tata Motors acquired the English car maker company Jaguar Land Rover, manufacturer of the Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company.
  • In 2013, tata motors announced to launch their first vehicle which runs on compressed air “Tata Minicat”

R&D Centers

India is the biggest invention center for Tata Motors. Almost all the patents filed by Tata motors bears the priority of patent application filed in India.

This shows nearly all the research & development is done in India for the major markets of the Tata motors like South Africa, Latin America, Middle east, and Asia Pacific markets as indicated by patent publications shown in next chart.

Top Inventors in Tata Motor’s

Deepak S. Kulkarni and Dattatraya R. Katkar are the most prolific inventors of Tata motors with highest number of inventions filed till date.

Deepak S. Kulkarni has 29 inventions and Dattatraya R. Katkar has 26 inventions patented to their name, out of which 20 patents are shared by both as an inventor.

The first Patent of Deepak S. Kulkarni and Dattatraya R. Katkar as inventors was filed in 2007 which was co-shared by both as an inventor.

Maximum R&D in these technologies

The graph shows the top categories of Technology inventions filed by the Tata Motors over the years.

The most significant one is the invention related to the batteries. Tata motors filed most Patents related to the batteries in year 2019 which was spiked (20 patents) in that year compared to the previous year 2018(2).

Further, there seems growth in patents related to the arrangement or mounting of propulsion units and vehicle fittings or vehicle parts.

Top Competitor’s

The graph shows the top competitors of Tata Motors by patent filing trends related to motor vehicle technologies.

Suzuki Motors and Honda Motors are filing the highest number of patents in the same class in which Tata motors has the highest number of patents. Whereas, there is a vast difference in the number of applications between Tata motors and Suzuki, and Honda motors.

Even Tata motor’s Indian counterpart Mahindra & Mahindra shows a significant growth in the patent filings related to motor vehicles (class-B62D).

The graph shows the top competitors of Tata Motors by patent filing trend related to the arrangement or mounting of propulsion units or transmission vehicles.

Suzuki Motors and Honda Motors, Toyota Motors, and Daimler Benz are filing the highest number of patents in the same class in which Tata motors has the second-highest number of patents. Whereas, there is a vast difference in the number of patent applications between Tata motors and mentioned competitors.

Top Competitors in Electric Vehicles

The graph shows the top applicants filing patents for inventions related to the Electric vehicle (IPC class code-B60L) in India.

Honda motors are consistently filing patents related to electric vehicles in India for the last few years.

Similarly, Suzuki motors are filing patents related to the electric vehicle. Until 2013, Suzuki motors was one of the top applicants, but patent filing declined from 2015 to 2019 and again increased in the last couple of years (2020-2021).

At the same time, Tata motors seem far behind in patent filings related to electric vehicles compared to top applicants in India.

Tata motors are having very few patents related to the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles compared to competitors but inventions related to batteries of the vehicles are one of the top invention categories (as shown in the top technologies table) of Tata motors.

Latest Update

  • In June 2021, tata Motors receives an order of 15 hydrogen-based fuel cell buses from Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.[5]
  • Tata Motors files record 125 patents in FY22[6]
  • In August 2022, Tata Motors announced that it has completed the acquisition of its partner Marcopolo’s stake in their bus body manufacturing joint venture Tata Marcopolo Motors Ltd[2]
  • In October 2022, the managing director of Passenger vehicles and electric vehicles department – Shailesh Chandra told that the tata motors is planning to bring Four-Wheel Drive Option in Future Electric SUVs.[3]
  • In 2022, tata motors launches India’s cheapest electric vehicle “Tata Tiago”.[4]

Closing Comments

  • Tata motors has a total of 2881 patent applications to their name with 1863 unique patent families.
  • The biggest R&D centre of Tata motors is India followed by the United Kingdom with very few inventions filed as a priority document.
  • Similarly, India is the largest market for Tata motors and South Africa is the second largest market for Tata motors.
  • Deepak S. Kulkarni is the most innovative inventor of Tata motors with the highest number (29) of inventions filed with his name as an inventor.
  • Total of 1454 patents of Tata motors are granted out of 2881 patent applications all over the world.
  • Suzuki motors and Honda motors are top competitors of Tata motors in India as reflected by patent applications filed in the same categories which are top categories of Tata motors.
  • Tata motors is leading the race with the highest number of Electric vehicle (4W) sales in India followed by MG motors, Hyundai motors Kia motors and BYD (Source-evreporter).
  • But technology trend related to electric vehicle patent filings in India shows that Honda motors filing the patents aggressively and the number of filings is increasing YoY. Honda motors are followed by Mitsubishi electric corp., Toyota motors, Nissan motors and Suzuki motors. But In terms of sales of electric vehicles (4W) in India, these companies are not even in the top 10.
  • Patent No: GB2545513A Most Cited patent
  • Patent App. no: IN202121031952A – METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ESTABLISHING BI-DIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION IN A VEHICLE WITHOUT LOWERING VEHICLE WINDOW GLASS – Upcoming technology.

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Patents Study – Medical Devices Top Companies

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Glims of Analysis

Medical technology leading companies in terms of patent:

Global Analysis

Graph 1: The graph shows a number of patent families filed by medical technology companies worldwide.

As shown in Graph 1, Medtronic is a leading company with 26363 patent families. Medtronic has the largest number of patent filings related to surgical instruments, which is consistently increasing since 1990. The inventions related to implements or accessories specifically used for stereotaxis, sterile operations, luxation treatment, and wound edge protectors are slowed down in recent years whereas, the highest filings have been done in the years 2010 to 2015. Similarly, the invention related to spinal positioners and stabilisers has been slowed since 2007, the same year the largest number of inventions were filed for patent protection.

On the other hand, Johnson & Johnson, the second largest patent holder in the world related to medical technology has significantly increased patent filing related to implements or accessories specifically used for stereotaxis, sterile operations, luxation treatment, and wound edge protectors. Further, Johnson and Johnson seem to be very ambitious towards the technology related to manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery, and patenting trend of Johnson & Johnson shows the same.

Olympus corp., the third largest patent holder in the world, is a leader in endoscopy instruments which reflects in patent trends also. Olympus corp. is setting a trend for inventions related to flexible endoscopy; however, the Olympus corp. has stopped research and development of Endo radiosondes, and patent filing are slowed down in recent years and completely stopped since 2020.

 

INDIA Analysis:

Graph 2: The graph shows a number of patent families filed by medical technology companies in India.

In India, inventions related to medical technologies were slowing down until 2018 but later picked a pace doubling the number of patent filings in the next couple of years. As shown in Graph 2, Johnson & Johnson, Koninklijke Philips NV, and Becton Dickinson & co. are the top 3 patent holders related to medical technology. Followed by Medtronic INC, and General Electric co. holding 4th and 5th positions respectively. Johnson & Johnson and Koninklijke Philips NV have the nearly same number of patents in India. Johnson & Johnson is highly investing in research of surgical staplers and probes/electroscopes in India.

Becton Dickinson & co. is diversifying its patent portfolio by filings patents related to a variety of technologies since 2020. The invention related to syringes and needles is a forte of Becton Dickinson & co. Specifically, inventions related to catheters, and hollow probes are one of the up-trending inventions from Becton Dickinson & co in recent years in India.

 

The inventions related to (Instruments/devices) measuring body parameters like pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG spiked and almost tripled in 2022 as compared to 2020 and showing signs that it will grow more in near future.

USA Analysis:

Graph 3: The graph shows a number of patent families filed by medical technology companies in the US.

The US is the largest market and biggest innovation centre for medical technologies after China. Medtronic is the biggest company in the US in terms of patent filings. Medtronic has done most research for inventions related to surgical instruments and Instruments/devices to measure parameters like pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG. Another category having the highest number of inventions is related to probes and electrodes. The inventions related to filters implantable into blood vessels have seen a steep fall in recent years. But the inventions related to staples for applying in a single action are peaked since 2013.

Similarly, Johnson & Johnson is the biggest innovator in terms of the number of inventions related to staples for applying in a single action. Other than that, surgical cutting instruments, measuring instruments/devices for diagnostic purposes, surgical staplers, and surgical robots are one of the growing categories of Johnson & Johnson. The inventions related to filters implantable into blood vessels started slowing down in the last decade, and there are no signs of growth in the number of inventions related to this category.

The way top 2 companies are having a decline in inventions related to filters implantable into blood vessels, the third one, Boston Scientific Corp. also shows a similar trend. There is no such category where they are having significant growth in the number of inventions in the last decade, except the inventions related to instruments for performing medical examinations of the body.

The US medical industry has seen progressive growth in all categories. But the inventions related to instruments for performing medical examinations of the body, measuring the movement of the entire body or parts, cardiac stimulation, detecting organic movement of tumours, cysts, swelling, image analysis, measuring characteristics of blood, measuring pulse rate or heart rate are shown a significant rise in the US.

India is turning out to be the biggest innovation centre for medical technologies in the world. The data in the period 2002 – 2022 has been studied and the patent application related to medical technologies in India increased by 32 times in 2022 as compared to 2002, which is only second to China with patent applications increased by 42 times in the same period.